{"id":135,"date":"2021-03-29T14:54:30","date_gmt":"2021-03-29T13:54:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.exeter.ac.uk\/genderatwork\/?p=135"},"modified":"2021-03-29T14:54:30","modified_gmt":"2021-03-29T13:54:30","slug":"prejudice-and-hostility-experiencedexpected-as-a-gay-asian-man-in-western-society","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/genderatwork\/2021\/03\/29\/prejudice-and-hostility-experiencedexpected-as-a-gay-asian-man-in-western-society\/","title":{"rendered":"\u2018Prejudice and hostility experienced\/expected as a gay Asian man in western society\u2019"},"content":{"rendered":"

Katsuya Hasegawa<\/em><\/p>\n

\u2018no Asians please\u2019<\/strong> \u2013 Tseng (2019)<\/p>\n

Unfortunately, this shocking phrase is commonly\u00a0\"\"seen on gay dating apps in Western countries. Although globalization proceeds and the idea of diversity on workplace is spread over the world compared to the last century, hegemonic norm such as White heteronormativity still strongly exists.<\/span><\/p>\n

This rigid viewpoint tends to distort our sight for considering each subordinated case. In other words, instead of seeing minority issues (like a gay Asian man in Western countries) as a sum of each identity (e.g., a gay AND an Asian man), it leads to the separatable tendency (e.g., a gay OR an Asian man). What will be tackled in this blog is to rethink the hidden bias and help listen to these invisible voices.<\/p>\n

A \u2018gay\u2019 Asian m<\/u><\/strong>an \u2013 gay\u2019s struggle<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

In everyday l\"\"ife, gay peop<\/span>le\u2019s struggles and efforts are normally invisible. Just imagine a situation where you are talking with your friends at the university campus. Your friends may say (if you are male) \u2018Do you have a girlfriend?\u2019 If this happens to gay men, they might need to corre<\/span>ct them. \u2018No, I don\u2019t have a girlfriend. I have a boyfriend instead.\u2019<\/span><\/p>\n

Existences of straight-acting gay individuals are often invisible in heterosexual discourses. One of the examples is when gay people come out about their sexuality. If their behaviour does not look like a gay stereotype (e.g., feminine), they may be surprised and say something like \u2018but you don\u2019t look gay.\u2019<\/p>\n

When it comes to dating scene, homosexuals have disadvantages in finding their dates. For\u00a0example, a classroom or workplace is one of the common situations for heterosexuals to find their dates. However, for homosexuals, it is risky to ask someone to go on a date in these situations because they do not know whether the person is also homosexual. At worst, the person might be anti-gay, spread insidious rumours, and bully you. Because of this, gay people have to use gay mobile apps or visit gay bars to meet their dates.<\/span><\/p>\n

A gay \u2018Asian man\u2019 \u2013 Asian man\u2019s struggle<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

It is often said that \u2018Asian men\u2019 are less masculine than other races\u2019 men (Lin and\u00a0\"\"Lundquist, 2013). This stereotype makes living in western society hard for Asian men. As an Asia<\/span>n guy living in the UK, I have experienced this notion. While queuing up for the checkouts, som<\/span>e guys cut in front of me. This only happened to me and I was the only non-white customer.<\/span><\/p>\n

Another example of this is a heterosexual dating. According to Lin and Lundquist (2013), Asian women receive relatively many messages from almost all races, while it hardly happens to Asian men because of the less masculine image.<\/p>\n

In homosexual settings, there is an actual prejudice against Asian men. In Tseng\u2019s work (2019), Anti-Asian or \u2018no Asian\u2019 is often seen on gay dating apps. Even though (luckily) someone likes or at least does not mind chatting with an Asian guy, the next bias is \u2018I\u2019m for smooth\/slim Asian.\u2019 The stereotype of Asian men is non-hairy, slim, and\/or subordinate. If a picture sent from the Asian guy to the white guy and it does not match the stereotypical image, the reaction will be something like \u2018Oh, you are hairy\u2026\u2019<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Intersectionality \u2013 problems of a \u2018gay\u2019 and \u2018Asian\u2019 \u2018man\u2019<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"There is a certain attempt to get beyond the existing solution to any bias or prejudice. This concept is called \u2018Intersectionality\u2019. Originally this was proposed through a recognition and analysis of black women\u2019s identities (Crenshaw, 1989). Under the orthodox feminism or social norm, matters to black women were dealt with as either \u2018race\u2019 matter OR \u2018gender\u2019 matter, not as \u2018race\u2019 AND \u2018gender\u2019. Literally, this approach focuses on the intersection of various scales.<\/span><\/p>\n

As mentioned above, there are prejudices based on one\u2019s sexuality, nationality, and gender. One dominant element does not guarantee the invariant position when it is with some other element, namely male (as dominant) with Asian (as subordinate). Additionally, the existence of minorities within each minority should be taken into consideration (e.g., gay Asian). The important thing relating to the intersectionality here is that these issues do not separately but simultaneously exist. We cannot reduce one\u2019s problem into either a gay issue, Asian issue, or male issue. All different types should be counted at the same time.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

For our future<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"Finally, if you are struggling with any issue which you think is because of bias, don\u2019t hesitate to say it. Remaining in silence cannot change you or the social situation. If you know someone who is suffering from any social issue, please listen to the person\u2019s voice. Ignoring what marginalised people have to say is the same as discriminating them. \u00a0Let\u2019s take action to change from a \u2018gay or Asian man\u2019 issue to a \u2018gay and Asian man\u2019 issue and to make the invisible intersections visible!<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Further readings:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bader, S. (2017). \u2018Asian Men as Targets of Sexual Racism in the Gay Community\u2019, American Cultural Studies Capstone Research Papers. 8.<\/em><\/p>\n

https:\/\/cedar.wwu.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1007&context=fairhaven_acscapstone&httpsredir=1&referer=<\/a><\/p>\n

Bracho, C. A. and Hayes, C. (2020) \u2018Gay voices without intersectionality is White supremacy: narratives of gay and lesbian teachers of color on teaching and learning\u2019, International journal of qualitative studies in education<\/em>, vol. 33, No. 6, pp. 583-592.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/09518398.2020.1751897<\/a><\/p>\n

Crenshaw, K. (1989) \u2018Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics\u2019, University of Chicago Legal Forum<\/em>, vol. 1989, pp. 139-168.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/heinonline.org\/HOL\/Page?collection=journals&handle=hein.journals\/uchclf1989&id=143&men_tab=srchresults<\/a><\/p>\n

Jones, O. (2016). \u2018No Asians, no black people. Why do gay people tolerate blatant racism\u2019, The Guardian<\/em>, November.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2016\/nov\/24\/no-asians-no-blacks-gay-people-racism<\/a><\/p>\n

Lin, KH. and Lundquist, J. (2013) \u2018Mate Selection in Cyberspace: The Intersection of Race, Gender, and Education 1\u2019, American Journal of Sociology<\/em>, vol. 119, No. 1, pp. 183-215.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.journals.uchicago.edu\/doi\/full\/10.1086\/673129<\/a><\/p>\n

Mark, A.L. (ed.) (2018) \u2018This Is What It’s Like To Travel As A Gay Asian Man\u2019, Forbes<\/em>, June.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/loisaltermark\/2018\/06\/06\/this-is-what-its-like-to-travel-as-a-gay-asian-man\/<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Katsuya Hasegawa \u2018no Asians please\u2019 \u2013 Tseng (2019) Unfortunately, this shocking phrase is commonly\u00a0seen on gay dating apps in Western countries. Although globalization proceeds and […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":473,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[17,25,27,29],"tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u2018Prejudice and hostility experienced\/expected as a gay Asian man in western society\u2019 - Gender at Work<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/genderatwork\/2021\/03\/29\/prejudice-and-hostility-experiencedexpected-as-a-gay-asian-man-in-western-society\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u2018Prejudice and hostility experienced\/expected as a gay Asian man in western society\u2019 - Gender at Work\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Katsuya Hasegawa \u2018no Asians please\u2019 \u2013 Tseng (2019) Unfortunately, this shocking phrase is commonly\u00a0seen on gay dating apps in Western countries. Although globalization proceeds and […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/genderatwork\/2021\/03\/29\/prejudice-and-hostility-experiencedexpected-as-a-gay-asian-man-in-western-society\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Gender at Work\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-03-29T13:54:30+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/genderatwork\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/161\/2021\/03\/katsuya1-300x221.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Barbara Jane Elliott\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Barbara Jane Elliott\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/genderatwork\/2021\/03\/29\/prejudice-and-hostility-experiencedexpected-as-a-gay-asian-man-in-western-society\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/genderatwork\/2021\/03\/29\/prejudice-and-hostility-experiencedexpected-as-a-gay-asian-man-in-western-society\/\",\"name\":\"\u2018Prejudice and hostility experienced\/expected as a gay Asian man in western society\u2019 - Gender at Work\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/genderatwork\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/genderatwork\/2021\/03\/29\/prejudice-and-hostility-experiencedexpected-as-a-gay-asian-man-in-western-society\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/genderatwork\/2021\/03\/29\/prejudice-and-hostility-experiencedexpected-as-a-gay-asian-man-in-western-society\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/genderatwork\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/161\/2021\/03\/katsuya1-300x221.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-03-29T13:54:30+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-03-29T13:54:30+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/genderatwork\/#\/schema\/person\/56b420afca74bb22afbc82daab088491\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/genderatwork\/2021\/03\/29\/prejudice-and-hostility-experiencedexpected-as-a-gay-asian-man-in-western-society\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/genderatwork\/2021\/03\/29\/prejudice-and-hostility-experiencedexpected-as-a-gay-asian-man-in-western-society\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/genderatwork\/2021\/03\/29\/prejudice-and-hostility-experiencedexpected-as-a-gay-asian-man-in-western-society\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/genderatwork\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/161\/2021\/03\/katsuya1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/genderatwork\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/161\/2021\/03\/katsuya1.jpg\",\"width\":619,\"height\":457},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/genderatwork\/2021\/03\/29\/prejudice-and-hostility-experiencedexpected-as-a-gay-asian-man-in-western-society\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/genderatwork\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"\u2018Prejudice and hostility experienced\/expected as a gay Asian man in western society\u2019\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/genderatwork\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/genderatwork\/\",\"name\":\"Gender at Work\",\"description\":\"This blog aims to focus on gender and employment, equal pay, gender and organisations, transgender politics, theories about sex and gender, experiences of doing gender in daily life, performing and writing gender. The Blog is linked to the MA module 'Gender at Work' and many of the posts are written by students.\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/genderatwork\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/genderatwork\/#\/schema\/person\/56b420afca74bb22afbc82daab088491\",\"name\":\"Barbara Jane Elliott\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/genderatwork\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/a15fece962cbcde1d5681e421cdad244?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/a15fece962cbcde1d5681e421cdad244?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Barbara Jane Elliott\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/genderatwork\/author\/jbe204\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"\u2018Prejudice and hostility experienced\/expected as a gay Asian man in western society\u2019 - Gender at Work","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/genderatwork\/2021\/03\/29\/prejudice-and-hostility-experiencedexpected-as-a-gay-asian-man-in-western-society\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"\u2018Prejudice and hostility experienced\/expected as a gay Asian man in western society\u2019 - Gender at Work","og_description":"Katsuya Hasegawa \u2018no Asians please\u2019 \u2013 Tseng (2019) Unfortunately, this shocking phrase is commonly\u00a0seen on gay dating apps in Western countries. Although globalization proceeds and […]","og_url":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/genderatwork\/2021\/03\/29\/prejudice-and-hostility-experiencedexpected-as-a-gay-asian-man-in-western-society\/","og_site_name":"Gender at Work","article_published_time":"2021-03-29T13:54:30+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/genderatwork\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/161\/2021\/03\/katsuya1-300x221.jpg"}],"author":"Barbara Jane Elliott","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Barbara Jane Elliott","Est. reading time":"5 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/genderatwork\/2021\/03\/29\/prejudice-and-hostility-experiencedexpected-as-a-gay-asian-man-in-western-society\/","url":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/genderatwork\/2021\/03\/29\/prejudice-and-hostility-experiencedexpected-as-a-gay-asian-man-in-western-society\/","name":"\u2018Prejudice and hostility experienced\/expected as a gay Asian man in western society\u2019 - Gender at Work","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/genderatwork\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/genderatwork\/2021\/03\/29\/prejudice-and-hostility-experiencedexpected-as-a-gay-asian-man-in-western-society\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/genderatwork\/2021\/03\/29\/prejudice-and-hostility-experiencedexpected-as-a-gay-asian-man-in-western-society\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/genderatwork\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/161\/2021\/03\/katsuya1-300x221.jpg","datePublished":"2021-03-29T13:54:30+00:00","dateModified":"2021-03-29T13:54:30+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/genderatwork\/#\/schema\/person\/56b420afca74bb22afbc82daab088491"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/genderatwork\/2021\/03\/29\/prejudice-and-hostility-experiencedexpected-as-a-gay-asian-man-in-western-society\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/genderatwork\/2021\/03\/29\/prejudice-and-hostility-experiencedexpected-as-a-gay-asian-man-in-western-society\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/genderatwork\/2021\/03\/29\/prejudice-and-hostility-experiencedexpected-as-a-gay-asian-man-in-western-society\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/genderatwork\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/161\/2021\/03\/katsuya1.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/genderatwork\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/161\/2021\/03\/katsuya1.jpg","width":619,"height":457},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/genderatwork\/2021\/03\/29\/prejudice-and-hostility-experiencedexpected-as-a-gay-asian-man-in-western-society\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/genderatwork\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"\u2018Prejudice and hostility experienced\/expected as a gay Asian man in western society\u2019"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/genderatwork\/#website","url":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/genderatwork\/","name":"Gender at Work","description":"This blog aims to focus on gender and employment, equal pay, gender and organisations, transgender politics, theories about sex and gender, experiences of doing gender in daily life, performing and writing gender. The Blog is linked to the MA module 'Gender at Work' and many of the posts are written by students.","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/genderatwork\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/genderatwork\/#\/schema\/person\/56b420afca74bb22afbc82daab088491","name":"Barbara Jane Elliott","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/genderatwork\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/a15fece962cbcde1d5681e421cdad244?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/a15fece962cbcde1d5681e421cdad244?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Barbara Jane Elliott"},"url":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/genderatwork\/author\/jbe204\/"}]}},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/genderatwork\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/135"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/genderatwork\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/genderatwork\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/genderatwork\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/473"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/genderatwork\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=135"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/genderatwork\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/135\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/genderatwork\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=135"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/genderatwork\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=135"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/genderatwork\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=135"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}