{"id":7883,"date":"2025-12-22T05:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-12-22T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/materialcultureofwills\/?p=7883"},"modified":"2025-12-22T06:43:10","modified_gmt":"2025-12-22T06:43:10","slug":"yule-never-believe-it-christmas-in-the-wills-collection","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/materialcultureofwills\/2025\/12\/22\/yule-never-believe-it-christmas-in-the-wills-collection\/","title":{"rendered":"Yule Never Believe it: Christmas in the Wills Collection"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Laura Sangha<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As a bit of Christmas fun I decided to search The National Archives wills catalogue for people with festive names. As usual, an idle browse through the catalogue actually sent me down some quite interesting avenues. Here is a little summary, offered in the spirit of the season!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr, Mrs and Master Christmas<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A search for the surname Christmas<\/strong> turned up 69 wills from 1469 to 1798: 1 from the fifteenth century; 6 from the sixteenth century; 31 from the seventeenth century, and 32 from the eighteenth century. The earliest of these was the will of John Christemas or Christmas of Mistley, Essex, proved 21 October 1491 (PROB 11\/9\/34), the latest was the will of Richard Christmas, glazier and painter of St Paul, Covent Garden, Middlesex, proved 17 Jan 1798 (PROB 11\/1300\/147).<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
Frontispiece from The Vindication of CHRISTMAS <\/em>(London, 1653), from Early English Books Online. <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

The Christmas clan were a very mixed bunch, their occupational identities included: husbandman, yeoman, servant, gentleman, singlewoman, clothier, merchant, joiner, innholder, cloth worker, white baker, widow, corn porter, wine cooper, haberdasher, mariner, boatwright, shopkeeper, weaver, gardener.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I sampled few of these wills but mostly they dealt with cash and property. One exception was that of Mathias Christmas, a joiner from Chatham in Kent (PROB 11\/233\/610). His will was proved on 1 November 1654 and contained some notable, if not very festive, material culture. He gave his brother \u2018three of my best musketts one heade-peice and two payre of my best pistolls\u2019, his brother\u2019s son-in-law \u2018one paire of pistolls and a Carbine\u2019, another brother \u2018one Fowling peece and my sett of silver buttons\u2019 \u2013 perhaps the fact that his will was written not long after the end of the civil wars explains the presence of all this ordnance?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3 Turkeys<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There are 3 people with the surname Turkey <\/strong>in the collection: Alexander Turkey, a London cook whose will was proved in 1671; John Turkey, a Cambridge fishmonger (1666) and the Cambridge widow Ann Turkey (PROB 11\/335\/561). In her 1671 will Ann bequeathed to her son Thomas her \u2018best bedd bedstead bedding and furniture thereto belonging as it now stands in the chamber over the low roomes And alsoe one Table one cupboard one Trunke therein and one silver bowle in the said chamber\u2019. Thomas Turkey was a minor at the time and it rather sounds like Ann was bequeathing him the contents of his bedroom.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
A Turkey and other Fowl in a Park, Jan Griffier I (c.1652-1718). Tate (from Art UK<\/a>).<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

3 Puddings<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There are also 3 people with the surname Pudding<\/strong>: Christopher Pudding, a Suffolk yeoman (1582); Thomas Pudding, a Norfolk yeoman (1606); and William Pudding, a Norfolk gentleman (1658).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gingerbread Johnson and the gingerbread bakers<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

That\u2019s right, someone did indeed name their child after this delicious sweet treat – Gingerbread Johnson was a mariner of Wapping Stepney, Middlesex whose will was proved in 18 August 1720 (PROB 11\/575\/352).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Less surprisingly there are 36 wills by people with the occupation of gingerbread maker or bakers. The earliest will is from 1651, it is that of George Vergenson or Forgeson of Nightingale Lane in East Smithfield, Middlesex (PROB 11\/217\/277). George makes a cooper and victualler his executors suggesting the sorts of circles he moved in. The next will is from half a century later, and was made in Maidstone, Kent. The other bakers are almost all from London, Middlesex, Surrey and Kent, although there were a few in Bristol too. Four have a second occupation listed alongside gingerbread baker \u2013 there is a pastry cook, and a biscuit baker (naturally), a toy dealer (not children\u2019s playthings but small ornaments, curiosities, trinkets especially those made of metal or alloy – buckles, snuffers, snuff boxes, fans etc) and … an armourer!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Many surviving gingerbread moulds have Christmas related motifs on them, such as this deer and angel. Wooden moulds, German. (L) c.1795-1850, V&A 112&A B-1906. (R) c. 1700-1800, V&A 109-1906. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dutiful gingerbread daughter<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The most interesting Christmas wills I found came up in this search: they belong to George Newton, a gingerbread baker of Saint Olave Southward, Surrey, will proved in April 1738 and Mary Newton, gingerbread baker also of Saint Olave, will proved March 1741 (PROB 11\/689\/19 and PROB 11\/708\/338). I assumed this would be an example of a widow taking over her husband\u2019s trade after his decease (not that unusual), but George Newton\u2019s will told another story. It says:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018Whereas my two sons George Newton and John Newton have proved undutifull and profuse and have had of me several sums of money It is my will and mind and I direct and appoint that my Daughter Mary Newton shall have my Trade and Business of a Gingerbread Baker and exercise and Manage the same for her own account and benefit from and immediately after my decease\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

George\u2019s decision to hand his business over to his daughter, rather than his two ne\u2019er do well sons, is a very striking instance of the glimpses that wills can give into personal relationships and gendered dynamics, especially within kinship groups. Though George does divide the remainder of his estate between his three children, Mary\u2019s father continues to single her out with gifts of a silver teapot and teaspoons, a gold chain and locket and \u2018all my gold rings\u2019 and he makes her sole executrix of his will.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
Detail from FOUR Choice CAROLS for CHRISTMAS HOLIDAYS<\/em> (London, 1700-1).<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Proved only three years later in 1741, Mary\u2019s will is very brief, but it doesn’t seem that her profligate brothers have changed their ways. George is not mentioned at all (possibly because he would customarily inherit the family business), but Mary bequeaths to the other brother John just a token \u2018one shilling\u2019, before giving to her cousin Elizabeth Newton \u2018all my wearing apparell and rings and all the residue and remainder of my Estate\u2019. Her executor is one Simon Foster and her witnesses do not include either brother.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A Jolly Holly Yule <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

I came across a host of other wills with Christmas connections, including:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • 7 people with the surname Yule<\/strong>, all but one from the eighteenth century.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • 298 people with the surname Snow<\/strong>, and 9 people with \u2018Snow\u2019 as a given name, mostly as a middle name. An exception was Snow Clayton, a merchant from Newcastle upon Tyne whose will was proved in 1790.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • 48 people with the given name Angel<\/strong>, from 1592 to 1857, a name for both women and men.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Alexander Stoupe, a seaman belonging to His Majesty’s Ship Reindeer<\/em><\/strong>. When he made his will he was at the Royal Naval Hospital, Plymouth, Devon (1814).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • 232 people with the surname Stocking<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • 3 people with the surname Sledge<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • 1 Jolly <\/strong>Boffam from His Majesty\u2019s Ship Elizabeth [wasn\u2019t he a Dickens character?] (1748).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • 1 man called Holly <\/strong>Spearing, a London cooper (1798).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • 32 wills of people called Rudolph<\/strong>, all but one from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n
    \n
    \"\"
    Wooden gingerbread mould, German, c.1640-1740. V&A museum number 115A-1906.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

    Lord of the Rings fans will be pleased to hear that there are 10 women and men with the given first name Merry<\/strong>, including some, er, unusual<\/em> pairings by parents:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Merry Swan, 1639
    Merry Cooke, 1655
    Merry Martyr, 1656
    Merry Man (a woman! 1684)
    Merry Herring (a mariner! 1730)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Talking of poor naming choices, I found the will of Frost <\/strong>Green (1750), which sits well alongside the Wills Team personal favourite: Frostan Snow<\/strong>, a distiller of Westminster whose will was proved in 1787.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Wishing our readers all good health and plenty of plum porridge as we see out the year!<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Laura Sangha As a bit of Christmas fun I decided to search The National Archives wills catalogue for people with festive names. As usual, an idle browse through the catalogue actually sent me down some quite interesting avenues. Here is a little summary, offered in the spirit of the season! Mr, Mrs and Master Christmas […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1473,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[39],"tags":[43,45,47],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nYule Never Believe it: Christmas in the Wills Collection - The Material Culture of Wills, England 1540-1790<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/materialcultureofwills\/2025\/12\/22\/yule-never-believe-it-christmas-in-the-wills-collection\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Yule Never Believe it: Christmas in the Wills Collection - The Material Culture of Wills, England 1540-1790\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Laura Sangha As a bit of Christmas fun I decided to search The National Archives wills catalogue for people with festive names. 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