{"id":2831,"date":"2018-03-19T21:07:49","date_gmt":"2018-03-19T21:07:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/?p=1177"},"modified":"2018-03-19T21:07:49","modified_gmt":"2018-03-19T21:07:49","slug":"research-postcard-erasing-the-past-in-medieval-worms-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/2018\/03\/19\/research-postcard-erasing-the-past-in-medieval-worms-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Research Postcard: Erasing the Past in Medieval Worms?"},"content":{"rendered":"

As a part of my AHRC-funded<\/a> project on forgery<\/a>, I had the singular pleasure of visiting the Hessisches Staatsarchiv<\/a> in leafy Darmstadt last term. There are many reasons why archival visits are important. Some manuscripts have yet to be transcribed or digitised, while important features of those that have \u2013 ink colour, dry-point glosses, lineation \u2013 can only properly be identified and appreciated in person.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Hessisches Staatsarchiv<\/p><\/div>\n

In my case, I was in search of an erasure. A key text for the Worms forgeries, the subject of one of my case studies (and book chapters<\/a>), is a diploma now housed in the Hessisches Staatsarchiv (D O I 392<\/a>). Issued from Ravenna in northern Italy in early April 970, it decides a dispute between the bishopric of Worms and the nearby monastery of Lorsch over forest rights in the Odenwald. The diploma comes down firmly in favour of Bishop Anno of Worms, and in doing so, it quotes a number of forgeries in the names of earlier Carolingian rulers (which also survive independently).<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Worms Cathedral<\/p><\/div>\n

The traditional view is that it is an authentic text of 970, which happens to cite earlier counterfeits (the latter probably commissioned by Bishop Anno himself). In 1901, however, Johann Lechner<\/a> argued that the main text of the diploma was written on erasure. Someone had, in other words, taken an authentic charter of 970, methodically scraped off its contents (minus the opening line) \u2013 as is perfectly possible with parchment<\/a> \u2013 and overwritten these with a new text justifying Worms\u2019 disputed rights. This makes the diploma an outright forgery; and Lechner argued that both it and the texts it cites were produced as part of a single forgery action in the mid-980s. At this time, Anno\u2019s successor Hildibald was simultaneously bishop of Worms and imperial chancellor (the latter role involving oversight of official diploma production) and thus well placed to commission such a text.<\/p>\n

Despite initial objections<\/a>, Lechner\u2019s case swiftly won the day,<\/a> and it remains scholarly orthodoxy<\/a>. But what does the charter itself tell us? Rather more than you might think.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

D O I 392, Darmstadt, Hessisches Staatsarchiv A2 251\/1<\/p><\/div>\n

As rapidly became clear upon my visit, there are no signs of erasure on the single sheet of the diploma. The parchment is quite rough and raw, but this roughness does not coincide with areas of writing. More importantly, the opening line of elongated script (litterae elongatae<\/em>) is clearly in the same ink as the main text. Since medieval ink was produced manually<\/a>, with each batch being subtly different from the last, this indicates that these details were written at the same time (or in very quick succession). The importance of this lies in the fact that the first line is\u00a0 in a different hand from the rest of the text (dubbed \u2018X\u2019 by its editors). This same hand furnished the opening line of a diploma for Magdeburg (D O I 388b<\/a>). The latter text was issued from Pavia in late January 970, less than four months before our charter, so we know this scribe was in Italy at the time. And since it is scarcely conceivable that this same \u2013 otherwise unattested \u2013 individual should have been on hand at Worms over a decade later, both diplomas are best treated as authentic products of early 970.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

D O I 392, Darmstadt, Hessisches Staatsarchiv A2 251\/1 (elongatae<\/em>)<\/p><\/div>\n

\"\"<\/a>

D O I 388b, Magdeburg, Landesarchiv Sachsen-Anhalt U 1, I 34b (elongatae<\/em>)<\/p><\/div>\n

A great deal can, therefore, hang on the presence \u2013 or absence \u2013 of an erasure. And unless we are willing to follow the medievalist\u2019s clarion call ad fontes <\/em>(\u2018to the sources\u2019), we risk repeating and compounding old errors \u2013 as has happened for over a century at Worms.<\/p>\n

Levi Roach, Senior Lecturer in Medieval History<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

As a part of my AHRC-funded project on forgery, I had the singular pleasure of visiting the Hessisches Staatsarchiv in leafy Darmstadt last term. There are many reasons why archival visits are important. Some manuscripts have yet to be transcribed or digitised, while important features of those that have \u2013 ink colour, dry-point glosses, lineation […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1263,"featured_media":1181,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[201,285,353,601],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nResearch Postcard: Erasing the Past in Medieval Worms? - Exeter Medieval Studies Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/2018\/03\/19\/research-postcard-erasing-the-past-in-medieval-worms-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Research Postcard: Erasing the Past in Medieval Worms? - Exeter Medieval Studies Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"As a part of my AHRC-funded project on forgery, I had the singular pleasure of visiting the Hessisches Staatsarchiv in leafy Darmstadt last term. There are many reasons why archival visits are important. Some manuscripts have yet to be transcribed or digitised, while important features of those that have \u2013 ink colour, dry-point glosses, lineation […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/2018\/03\/19\/research-postcard-erasing-the-past-in-medieval-worms-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Exeter Medieval Studies Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ExeterMedievalStudies\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2018-03-19T21:07:49+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/339\/2018\/03\/HStA.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1000\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"571\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Levi Roach\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@exetermedieval\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@exetermedieval\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Levi Roach\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/2018\/03\/19\/research-postcard-erasing-the-past-in-medieval-worms-2\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/2018\/03\/19\/research-postcard-erasing-the-past-in-medieval-worms-2\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Levi Roach\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/#\/schema\/person\/8651554bf221bcaadee0bee6fbd447d4\"},\"headline\":\"Research Postcard: Erasing the Past in Medieval Worms?\",\"datePublished\":\"2018-03-19T21:07:49+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2018-03-19T21:07:49+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/2018\/03\/19\/research-postcard-erasing-the-past-in-medieval-worms-2\/\"},\"wordCount\":656,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/2018\/03\/19\/research-postcard-erasing-the-past-in-medieval-worms-2\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/339\/2018\/03\/HStA.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"erasure\",\"Hessisches Staatsarchiv\",\"Lorsch\",\"Worms\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Research Postcards\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/2018\/03\/19\/research-postcard-erasing-the-past-in-medieval-worms-2\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/2018\/03\/19\/research-postcard-erasing-the-past-in-medieval-worms-2\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/2018\/03\/19\/research-postcard-erasing-the-past-in-medieval-worms-2\/\",\"name\":\"Research Postcard: Erasing the Past in Medieval Worms? - Exeter Medieval Studies Blog\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/2018\/03\/19\/research-postcard-erasing-the-past-in-medieval-worms-2\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/2018\/03\/19\/research-postcard-erasing-the-past-in-medieval-worms-2\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/339\/2018\/03\/HStA.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2018-03-19T21:07:49+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2018-03-19T21:07:49+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/2018\/03\/19\/research-postcard-erasing-the-past-in-medieval-worms-2\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/2018\/03\/19\/research-postcard-erasing-the-past-in-medieval-worms-2\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/2018\/03\/19\/research-postcard-erasing-the-past-in-medieval-worms-2\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/339\/2018\/03\/HStA.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/339\/2018\/03\/HStA.jpg\",\"width\":1000,\"height\":571,\"caption\":\"Hessisches Staatsarchiv\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/2018\/03\/19\/research-postcard-erasing-the-past-in-medieval-worms-2\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Research Postcard: Erasing the Past in Medieval Worms?\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/\",\"name\":\"Exeter Medieval Studies Blog\",\"description\":\"News and views from members of the University of Exeter's Centre for Medieval Studies\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Centre for Medieval Studies, University of Exeter\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/339\/2024\/08\/Exeter-Uni-Logo.webp\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/339\/2024\/08\/Exeter-Uni-Logo.webp\",\"width\":750,\"height\":450,\"caption\":\"Centre for Medieval Studies, University of Exeter\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ExeterMedievalStudies\",\"https:\/\/x.com\/exetermedieval\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/#\/schema\/person\/8651554bf221bcaadee0bee6fbd447d4\",\"name\":\"Levi Roach\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/aec910fbd45844eb88db58f4bce91b66?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/aec910fbd45844eb88db58f4bce91b66?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Levi Roach\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/author\/lr299\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Research Postcard: Erasing the Past in Medieval Worms? - Exeter Medieval Studies Blog","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/2018\/03\/19\/research-postcard-erasing-the-past-in-medieval-worms-2\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Research Postcard: Erasing the Past in Medieval Worms? - Exeter Medieval Studies Blog","og_description":"As a part of my AHRC-funded project on forgery, I had the singular pleasure of visiting the Hessisches Staatsarchiv in leafy Darmstadt last term. There are many reasons why archival visits are important. Some manuscripts have yet to be transcribed or digitised, while important features of those that have \u2013 ink colour, dry-point glosses, lineation […]","og_url":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/2018\/03\/19\/research-postcard-erasing-the-past-in-medieval-worms-2\/","og_site_name":"Exeter Medieval Studies Blog","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ExeterMedievalStudies","article_published_time":"2018-03-19T21:07:49+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1000,"height":571,"url":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/339\/2018\/03\/HStA.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Levi Roach","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@exetermedieval","twitter_site":"@exetermedieval","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Levi Roach","Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/2018\/03\/19\/research-postcard-erasing-the-past-in-medieval-worms-2\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/2018\/03\/19\/research-postcard-erasing-the-past-in-medieval-worms-2\/"},"author":{"name":"Levi Roach","@id":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/#\/schema\/person\/8651554bf221bcaadee0bee6fbd447d4"},"headline":"Research Postcard: Erasing the Past in Medieval Worms?","datePublished":"2018-03-19T21:07:49+00:00","dateModified":"2018-03-19T21:07:49+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/2018\/03\/19\/research-postcard-erasing-the-past-in-medieval-worms-2\/"},"wordCount":656,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/2018\/03\/19\/research-postcard-erasing-the-past-in-medieval-worms-2\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/339\/2018\/03\/HStA.jpg","keywords":["erasure","Hessisches Staatsarchiv","Lorsch","Worms"],"articleSection":["Research Postcards"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/2018\/03\/19\/research-postcard-erasing-the-past-in-medieval-worms-2\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/2018\/03\/19\/research-postcard-erasing-the-past-in-medieval-worms-2\/","url":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/2018\/03\/19\/research-postcard-erasing-the-past-in-medieval-worms-2\/","name":"Research Postcard: Erasing the Past in Medieval Worms? - Exeter Medieval Studies Blog","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/2018\/03\/19\/research-postcard-erasing-the-past-in-medieval-worms-2\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/2018\/03\/19\/research-postcard-erasing-the-past-in-medieval-worms-2\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/339\/2018\/03\/HStA.jpg","datePublished":"2018-03-19T21:07:49+00:00","dateModified":"2018-03-19T21:07:49+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/2018\/03\/19\/research-postcard-erasing-the-past-in-medieval-worms-2\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/2018\/03\/19\/research-postcard-erasing-the-past-in-medieval-worms-2\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/2018\/03\/19\/research-postcard-erasing-the-past-in-medieval-worms-2\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/339\/2018\/03\/HStA.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/339\/2018\/03\/HStA.jpg","width":1000,"height":571,"caption":"Hessisches Staatsarchiv"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/2018\/03\/19\/research-postcard-erasing-the-past-in-medieval-worms-2\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Research Postcard: Erasing the Past in Medieval Worms?"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/#website","url":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/","name":"Exeter Medieval Studies Blog","description":"News and views from members of the University of Exeter's Centre for Medieval Studies","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/#organization","name":"Centre for Medieval Studies, University of Exeter","url":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/339\/2024\/08\/Exeter-Uni-Logo.webp","contentUrl":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/339\/2024\/08\/Exeter-Uni-Logo.webp","width":750,"height":450,"caption":"Centre for Medieval Studies, University of Exeter"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ExeterMedievalStudies","https:\/\/x.com\/exetermedieval"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/#\/schema\/person\/8651554bf221bcaadee0bee6fbd447d4","name":"Levi Roach","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/aec910fbd45844eb88db58f4bce91b66?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/aec910fbd45844eb88db58f4bce91b66?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Levi Roach"},"url":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/author\/lr299\/"}]}},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/339\/2018\/03\/HStA.jpg","jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2831"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1263"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2831"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2831\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1181"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2831"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2831"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2831"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}