{"id":6029,"date":"2026-05-11T08:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-05-11T08:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/?p=6029"},"modified":"2026-05-11T08:14:18","modified_gmt":"2026-05-11T08:14:18","slug":"conversion-slavery-and-the-inquisition-a-research-postcard-from-malta","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/2026\/05\/11\/conversion-slavery-and-the-inquisition-a-research-postcard-from-malta\/","title":{"rendered":"Conversion, slavery and the inquisition: a research postcard from Malta"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

We welcome back Catherine Rider to the blog this week, as she reports back from her latest archival explorations in Malta.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

In March I went to Malta for a workshop and a couple of days of archival research. As some of you will know, I\u2019ve been working on a string<\/a> of collaborative<\/a> projects<\/a> there for the last 12 years or so. This workshop was for a project on the capture of the\u00a0Sultana Binganem<\/em>\u00a0led by my colleague and collaborator Professor Dionisius Agius<\/a>\u00a0in the Institute of Arab and Islamic Studies, and funded by the British Academy. The\u00a0Sultana<\/em>\u00a0was an Ottoman galley which was captured by the Knights Hospitaller, who were based in Malta, in 1700. (So this is very late in time by my medievalist standards!).\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
Capture of a Turkish warship in the canal of Malta (1652). Image: Wikimedia Commons<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The project is an interdisciplinary one that brings together experts in early modern ships and shipping, warfare, art, daily life \u2013 and the Inquisition, which is where I come in. When the ship was captured, the Knights enslaved the Muslim soldiers, sailors and rowers on the galley \u2013 a practice that was customary for captives in both Christian and Muslim states around the Mediterranean. Among them was a man named Hag Ahmed Hoggia, a clerk on the ship. A few years after the ship\u2019s capture, Hoggia was reported to the Inquisition, because two of his fellow captives claimed he hadn\u2019t been born a Muslim: they said instead that he had been born a Christian and had converted to Islam. If this was true, that meant he was guilty under canon law of apostasy \u2013 an offence that fell under the jurisdiction of the Inquisition. In Malta the inquisitors were quite used to dealing with apostasy cases and did not always punish them harshly: often they involved people who claimed they had been forced to convert to Islam while enslaved and now asked to return to Christianity. Generally the inquisitors accepted them back into the fold and gave them penance.  So, if Hoggia had pleaded guilty, he would probably have got off fairly lightly \u2013 but instead, he denied firmly that he had ever been a Christian, and instead described how he had been born a Muslim in Constantinople (modern Istanbul).  This meant there was a trial before the Inquisition, in which Hoggia talked about his life, and so too did many witnesses. The document survives in the inquisition archives in the Metropolitan Chapter Archive<\/a> in Mdina.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

My part in the project is to write about what these various witness testimonies tell us about interactions between Christians and Muslims on Malta, and across the Mediterranean, and I\u2019m focusing on everyday, informal contact: people talking in shops, prisons, on ships, and so on. It\u2019s a fascinating project because the trial is full of competing claims, and different versions of Hoggia\u2019s life. Was he a Russian Orthodox Christian from eastern Europe who had been enslaved and converted to Islam, as some of the witnesses claimed? Or a free-born Turkish Muslim who happened to be working on the Sultana <\/em>when it was captured? How could you tell, in an era before passports and birth certificates? We\u2019ll never be quite sure, but when the witnesses tried to prove their stories, they tell us a lot about life in the port cities and ships of the early modern Mediterranean. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workshop brought together the various collaborators on the project to discuss their chapters for the project book, and we also had a tour of the\u00a0Notarial Archives in Valletta<\/a>, which holds further documents relating to the\u00a0Sultana\u00a0<\/em>(and a wealth of other material). A lot of it was outside my usual academic interests but I learned a lot!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Featured image: the courtyard of the Inquisitor’s Palace in Malta. Marie-Lan Nguyen \/ Wikimedia Commons.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

We welcome back Catherine Rider to the blog this week, as she reports back from her latest archival explorations in Malta. In March I went to Malta for a workshop and a couple of days of archival research. As some of you will know, I\u2019ve been working on a string of collaborative projects there for […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1259,"featured_media":6033,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nConversion, slavery and the inquisition: a research postcard from Malta - Exeter Medieval Studies Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/2026\/05\/11\/conversion-slavery-and-the-inquisition-a-research-postcard-from-malta\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Conversion, slavery and the inquisition: a research postcard from Malta - Exeter Medieval Studies Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"We welcome back Catherine Rider to the blog this week, as she reports back from her latest archival explorations in Malta. In March I went to Malta for a workshop and a couple of days of archival research. As some of you will know, I\u2019ve been working on a string of collaborative projects there for […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/2026\/05\/11\/conversion-slavery-and-the-inquisition-a-research-postcard-from-malta\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Exeter Medieval Studies Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ExeterMedievalStudies\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-05-11T08:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-05-11T08:14:18+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/339\/2026\/05\/Inquisitor_Palace_Birgu_2012_n01-scaled.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"853\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Catherine Rider\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@exetermedieval\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@exetermedieval\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Catherine Rider\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/2026\/05\/11\/conversion-slavery-and-the-inquisition-a-research-postcard-from-malta\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/2026\/05\/11\/conversion-slavery-and-the-inquisition-a-research-postcard-from-malta\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Catherine Rider\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/#\/schema\/person\/cc28b3ec8ff79c080ad060617f86142b\"},\"headline\":\"Conversion, slavery and the inquisition: a research postcard from Malta\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-05-11T08:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-05-11T08:14:18+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/2026\/05\/11\/conversion-slavery-and-the-inquisition-a-research-postcard-from-malta\/\"},\"wordCount\":657,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/2026\/05\/11\/conversion-slavery-and-the-inquisition-a-research-postcard-from-malta\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/339\/2026\/05\/Inquisitor_Palace_Birgu_2012_n01-scaled.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Research Postcards\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/2026\/05\/11\/conversion-slavery-and-the-inquisition-a-research-postcard-from-malta\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/2026\/05\/11\/conversion-slavery-and-the-inquisition-a-research-postcard-from-malta\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/2026\/05\/11\/conversion-slavery-and-the-inquisition-a-research-postcard-from-malta\/\",\"name\":\"Conversion, slavery and the inquisition: a research postcard from Malta - Exeter Medieval Studies Blog\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/2026\/05\/11\/conversion-slavery-and-the-inquisition-a-research-postcard-from-malta\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/2026\/05\/11\/conversion-slavery-and-the-inquisition-a-research-postcard-from-malta\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/339\/2026\/05\/Inquisitor_Palace_Birgu_2012_n01-scaled.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-05-11T08:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-05-11T08:14:18+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/2026\/05\/11\/conversion-slavery-and-the-inquisition-a-research-postcard-from-malta\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/2026\/05\/11\/conversion-slavery-and-the-inquisition-a-research-postcard-from-malta\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/2026\/05\/11\/conversion-slavery-and-the-inquisition-a-research-postcard-from-malta\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/339\/2026\/05\/Inquisitor_Palace_Birgu_2012_n01-scaled.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/339\/2026\/05\/Inquisitor_Palace_Birgu_2012_n01-scaled.jpg\",\"width\":2560,\"height\":853},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/2026\/05\/11\/conversion-slavery-and-the-inquisition-a-research-postcard-from-malta\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Conversion, slavery and the inquisition: a research postcard from Malta\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/\",\"name\":\"Exeter Medieval Studies Blog\",\"description\":\"News and views from members of the University of Exeter's Centre for Medieval Studies\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Centre for Medieval Studies, University of Exeter\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/339\/2024\/08\/Exeter-Uni-Logo.webp\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/339\/2024\/08\/Exeter-Uni-Logo.webp\",\"width\":750,\"height\":450,\"caption\":\"Centre for Medieval Studies, University of Exeter\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ExeterMedievalStudies\",\"https:\/\/x.com\/exetermedieval\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/#\/schema\/person\/cc28b3ec8ff79c080ad060617f86142b\",\"name\":\"Catherine Rider\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/fd15c90cb96255f2d5720d9101e8dd68?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/fd15c90cb96255f2d5720d9101e8dd68?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Catherine Rider\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/author\/crr205\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Conversion, slavery and the inquisition: a research postcard from Malta - Exeter Medieval Studies Blog","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/2026\/05\/11\/conversion-slavery-and-the-inquisition-a-research-postcard-from-malta\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Conversion, slavery and the inquisition: a research postcard from Malta - Exeter Medieval Studies Blog","og_description":"We welcome back Catherine Rider to the blog this week, as she reports back from her latest archival explorations in Malta. In March I went to Malta for a workshop and a couple of days of archival research. As some of you will know, I\u2019ve been working on a string of collaborative projects there for […]","og_url":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/2026\/05\/11\/conversion-slavery-and-the-inquisition-a-research-postcard-from-malta\/","og_site_name":"Exeter Medieval Studies Blog","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ExeterMedievalStudies","article_published_time":"2026-05-11T08:00:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-05-11T08:14:18+00:00","og_image":[{"width":2560,"height":853,"url":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/339\/2026\/05\/Inquisitor_Palace_Birgu_2012_n01-scaled.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Catherine Rider","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@exetermedieval","twitter_site":"@exetermedieval","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Catherine Rider","Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/2026\/05\/11\/conversion-slavery-and-the-inquisition-a-research-postcard-from-malta\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/2026\/05\/11\/conversion-slavery-and-the-inquisition-a-research-postcard-from-malta\/"},"author":{"name":"Catherine Rider","@id":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/#\/schema\/person\/cc28b3ec8ff79c080ad060617f86142b"},"headline":"Conversion, slavery and the inquisition: a research postcard from Malta","datePublished":"2026-05-11T08:00:00+00:00","dateModified":"2026-05-11T08:14:18+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/2026\/05\/11\/conversion-slavery-and-the-inquisition-a-research-postcard-from-malta\/"},"wordCount":657,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/2026\/05\/11\/conversion-slavery-and-the-inquisition-a-research-postcard-from-malta\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/339\/2026\/05\/Inquisitor_Palace_Birgu_2012_n01-scaled.jpg","articleSection":["Research Postcards"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/2026\/05\/11\/conversion-slavery-and-the-inquisition-a-research-postcard-from-malta\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/2026\/05\/11\/conversion-slavery-and-the-inquisition-a-research-postcard-from-malta\/","url":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/2026\/05\/11\/conversion-slavery-and-the-inquisition-a-research-postcard-from-malta\/","name":"Conversion, slavery and the inquisition: a research postcard from Malta - Exeter Medieval Studies Blog","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/2026\/05\/11\/conversion-slavery-and-the-inquisition-a-research-postcard-from-malta\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/2026\/05\/11\/conversion-slavery-and-the-inquisition-a-research-postcard-from-malta\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/339\/2026\/05\/Inquisitor_Palace_Birgu_2012_n01-scaled.jpg","datePublished":"2026-05-11T08:00:00+00:00","dateModified":"2026-05-11T08:14:18+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/2026\/05\/11\/conversion-slavery-and-the-inquisition-a-research-postcard-from-malta\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/2026\/05\/11\/conversion-slavery-and-the-inquisition-a-research-postcard-from-malta\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/2026\/05\/11\/conversion-slavery-and-the-inquisition-a-research-postcard-from-malta\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/339\/2026\/05\/Inquisitor_Palace_Birgu_2012_n01-scaled.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/339\/2026\/05\/Inquisitor_Palace_Birgu_2012_n01-scaled.jpg","width":2560,"height":853},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/2026\/05\/11\/conversion-slavery-and-the-inquisition-a-research-postcard-from-malta\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Conversion, slavery and the inquisition: a research postcard from Malta"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/#website","url":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/","name":"Exeter Medieval Studies Blog","description":"News and views from members of the University of Exeter's Centre for Medieval Studies","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/#organization","name":"Centre for Medieval Studies, University of Exeter","url":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/339\/2024\/08\/Exeter-Uni-Logo.webp","contentUrl":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/339\/2024\/08\/Exeter-Uni-Logo.webp","width":750,"height":450,"caption":"Centre for Medieval Studies, University of Exeter"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ExeterMedievalStudies","https:\/\/x.com\/exetermedieval"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/#\/schema\/person\/cc28b3ec8ff79c080ad060617f86142b","name":"Catherine Rider","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/fd15c90cb96255f2d5720d9101e8dd68?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/fd15c90cb96255f2d5720d9101e8dd68?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Catherine Rider"},"url":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/author\/crr205\/"}]}},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/339\/2026\/05\/Inquisitor_Palace_Birgu_2012_n01-scaled.jpg","jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6029"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1259"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6029"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6029\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6037,"href":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6029\/revisions\/6037"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6033"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6029"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6029"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/medievalstudies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6029"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}