{"id":343,"date":"2023-06-09T08:45:24","date_gmt":"2023-06-09T08:45:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/supportsystems\/?page_id=343"},"modified":"2026-03-20T15:23:44","modified_gmt":"2026-03-20T15:23:44","slug":"reviews","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/supportsystems\/reviews\/","title":{"rendered":"Reviews"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>We conducted a grey literature search of what guidance is currently available and two secondary data analysis projects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Guidance review<\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/supportsystems\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/173\/2024\/02\/pexels-jens-mahnke-1090941-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-535\" style=\"width:413px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/supportsystems\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/173\/2024\/02\/pexels-jens-mahnke-1090941-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/supportsystems\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/173\/2024\/02\/pexels-jens-mahnke-1090941-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/supportsystems\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/173\/2024\/02\/pexels-jens-mahnke-1090941-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/supportsystems\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/173\/2024\/02\/pexels-jens-mahnke-1090941-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/supportsystems\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/173\/2024\/02\/pexels-jens-mahnke-1090941-2048x1152.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>We&#8217;re interested in what guidance is freely available to help education and youth organisations support young people with self-harm and suicide. We worked with our collaborators and PPIE groups to identify any gaps in the available guidance, which will aid future guidance development.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We categorised the content of existing guidance which we found and worked with stakeholders and PPIE groups to rate the importance of these categories. This work informed Phase 2 of the 4S study.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>You can read our review of the guidance as an open-access article <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-026-27052-6\">here<\/a>. Widnall, E., Robinson, H., Wang, L.\u00a0<em>et al.<\/em>\u00a0Prevention and postvention guidance relating to self-harm and suicide for UK educational and youth organisations: a systematic review of grey literature.\u00a0<em>BMC Public Health<\/em>\u00a0(2026).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Secondary data analysis<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Who do young people communicate with about self-harm and suicide?<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/supportsystems\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/173\/2024\/08\/pexels-cottonbro-6764631-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-609\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.505;width:401px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/supportsystems\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/173\/2024\/08\/pexels-cottonbro-6764631-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/supportsystems\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/173\/2024\/08\/pexels-cottonbro-6764631-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/supportsystems\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/173\/2024\/08\/pexels-cottonbro-6764631-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/supportsystems\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/173\/2024\/08\/pexels-cottonbro-6764631-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/supportsystems\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/173\/2024\/08\/pexels-cottonbro-6764631-2048x1365.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>We searched academic databases for published research exploring who young people talk to about self-harm and suicide. We found a total of 2090 published articles on this topic. Through screening these articles for relevance and eligibility we identified 44 papers for inclusion in our analysis. We extracted information from the 44 papers about the sample of participants, methods, and results about who young people spoke to about self-harm and suicide. All 44 papers were rated for quality using a checklist. We are currently working to analyse these findings and write them up for dissemination.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Transparent vs opaque language in communication about self-harm and suicide<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/supportsystems\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/173\/2023\/06\/pexels-monstera-6238082.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-449\" style=\"width:422px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/supportsystems\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/173\/2023\/06\/pexels-monstera-6238082.jpg 640w, https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/supportsystems\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/173\/2023\/06\/pexels-monstera-6238082-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>We searched academic databases for published systematic reviews examining techniques that can be used in schools to decrease rates of self-harm and suicide, or suicidal ideation &#8211; there were a total of 1117 reviews identified, of which we decided 84 were relevant. We then extracted 240 original papers from these reviews if they fit our criteria. We are currently screening these papers to include in our analysis. Next, we will extract information from the papers about the sample of participants, methods, and results about whether using transparent or opaque language makes a difference to the effectiveness of techniques that can be used in schools. We hope that this will help advise school staff about what language is best to use when discussing self-harm, suicide, and suicidal ideation with students.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\"><sub>Photo 1 by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/photo\/selective-focus-photo-of-thick-books-1090941\/\">Jens Mahnke<\/a>; Photo 2 by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/@cottonbro\/\">cottonbro studio<\/a>; Photo 3 by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/photo\/diverse-classmates-talking-to-each-other-after-studies-6238082\/\">Monstera Production<\/a><\/sub><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>We conducted a grey literature search of what guidance is currently available and two secondary data analysis projects. Guidance review We&#8217;re interested in what guidance [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":689,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Reviews - The 4S Study<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/supportsystems\/reviews\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Reviews - The 4S Study\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"We conducted a grey literature search of what guidance is currently available and two secondary data analysis projects. 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