{"id":3493,"date":"2026-03-16T06:52:59","date_gmt":"2026-03-16T06:52:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/ted-feldpausch\/?p=3493"},"modified":"2026-06-23T07:27:47","modified_gmt":"2026-06-23T07:27:47","slug":"from-sample-to-data-the-journey-inside-the-laboratory","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/ted-feldpausch\/2026\/03\/16\/from-sample-to-data-the-journey-inside-the-laboratory\/","title":{"rendered":"From Sample to Data: The Journey Inside the Laboratory"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>After all the hard work in the field for the <a href=\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/amazon-pyrocarbon\/\">Amazon PyroCarbon Project<\/a> \u2014 thousands of kilometres of road travel across five Brazilian states \u2014 a new journey begins when the samples arrive at the laboratory at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cena.usp.br\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">CENA (Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura)<\/a>, part of the University of S\u00e3o Paulo in Piracicaba. This is the journey of turning soil into data. You can read about the fieldwork and road trips that bring these samples to the laboratory in our previous post: <a href=\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/ted-feldpausch\/2026\/03\/02\/on-the-road-thousands-of-kilometres-in-service-of-amazon-wildfire-science\/\">On the Road: Thousands of Kilometres in Service of Amazon Wildfire Science<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Each sample goes through a sequence of essential procedures that demand organisation, effort, and dedication from the team. The process starts with sorting the samples, which are placed in forced-air drying ovens for about five days, until all moisture has been removed. Once dried, they are gently broken apart, ground, and sieved until they become a fine, uniform powder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-1 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-medium\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"185\" height=\"246\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/ted-feldpausch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/257\/2026\/06\/pyrocarbon-lab-soil-samples-drying-oven-cena.png\" alt=\"Soil samples from Amazon PyroCarbon fieldwork drying in a forced-air oven at the CENA laboratory in Piracicaba\" class=\"wp-image-3479\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Soil samples drying in a forced-air oven at the CENA laboratory<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-medium\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"272\" height=\"204\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/ted-feldpausch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/257\/2026\/06\/pyrocarbon-lab-gabriel-technician-preparing-soil-samples.png\" alt=\"Technician Gabriel preparing and grinding Amazon PyroCarbon soil samples at the laboratory bench\" class=\"wp-image-3481\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Technician Gabriel preparing soil samples<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-2 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-medium\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"175\" height=\"233\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/ted-feldpausch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/257\/2026\/06\/pyrocarbon-lab-ground-soil-mortar-pestle.png\" alt=\"Ground Amazon PyroCarbon soil sample in a mortar and pestle at the CENA laboratory\" class=\"wp-image-3485\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Soil after grinding in a mortar and pestle<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-medium\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"274\" height=\"205\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/ted-feldpausch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/257\/2026\/06\/pyrocarbon-lab-sieved-soil-sample-bowl.png\" alt=\"Sieved soil sample in a metal bowl during Amazon PyroCarbon laboratory processing\" class=\"wp-image-3483\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Sieved soil sample ready for weighing<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>After these steps, the samples are ready for weighing. Approximately 20 milligrams are carefully placed into small tin capsules, which are then sent to the mass spectrometer. This instrument analyses carbon and nitrogen concentrations, as well as the isotopic ratios of these elements. Part of the material is also used for soil texture and fertility analyses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-3 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-medium\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"237\" height=\"178\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/ted-feldpausch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/257\/2026\/06\/pyrocarbon-lab-technician-weighing-soil-balance.png\" alt=\"Laboratory technician carefully weighing processed Amazon PyroCarbon soil samples on a precision analytical balance\" class=\"wp-image-3489\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Technician weighing processed soil samples on a precision balance<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-medium\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"421\" height=\"215\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/ted-feldpausch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/257\/2026\/06\/pyrocarbon-lab-tin-capsules-mass-spectrometer.jpeg\" alt=\"Small tin capsules used to hold ~20 mg of processed soil for carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis in the mass spectrometer\" class=\"wp-image-3487\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/ted-feldpausch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/257\/2026\/06\/pyrocarbon-lab-tin-capsules-mass-spectrometer.jpeg 421w, https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/ted-feldpausch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/257\/2026\/06\/pyrocarbon-lab-tin-capsules-mass-spectrometer-300x153.jpeg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 421px) 100vw, 421px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Tin capsules used to load soil samples into the mass spectrometer<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-medium\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"441\" height=\"309\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/ted-feldpausch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/257\/2026\/06\/pyrocarbon-lab-mass-spectrometer-results-screen.jpeg\" alt=\"Carbon and nitrogen concentration data displayed on the mass spectrometer output screen at the CENA laboratory\" class=\"wp-image-3491\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/ted-feldpausch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/257\/2026\/06\/pyrocarbon-lab-mass-spectrometer-results-screen.jpeg 441w, https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/ted-feldpausch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/257\/2026\/06\/pyrocarbon-lab-mass-spectrometer-results-screen-300x210.jpeg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 441px) 100vw, 441px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Results from the mass spectrometer showing carbon and nitrogen concentrations<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>By the end of these procedures, the samples have been transformed into data containing information on multiple parameters. With the data in hand, a new phase of statistical analysis and processing begins, which helps reveal patterns, trends, and insights about the complex dynamics of the Amazon. So far, around two thousand samples have undergone this entire process, steadily providing the project team with the tools needed to deepen their understanding of how wildfires impact the soils of this ecosystem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Text and photos: Karina Gon\u00e7alves &amp; Plinio Camargo<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>After thousands of kilometres of fieldwork across the Amazon, around two thousand soil samples have passed through the CENA laboratory in Piracicaba. This is the story of how they are dried, ground, sieved, weighed, and analysed to reveal how wildfires affect Amazonian soils.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":999,"featured_media":3489,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[83],"tags":[137,147,133,141,139,93],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>From Sample to Data: Inside the Amazon PyroCarbon Laboratory | Feldpausch Research Group<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"How do Amazon wildfire soil samples become scientific data? 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