{"id":962,"date":"2020-05-16T10:53:51","date_gmt":"2020-05-16T09:53:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/tedfeldpausch\/?p=962"},"modified":"2023-09-18T19:19:26","modified_gmt":"2023-09-18T19:19:26","slug":"competition-influences-tree-growth-but-not-mortality-across-environmental-gradients-in-amazonia-and-tropical-africa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/ted-feldpausch\/2020\/05\/16\/competition-influences-tree-growth-but-not-mortality-across-environmental-gradients-in-amazonia-and-tropical-africa\/","title":{"rendered":"Competition influences tree growth, but not mortality, in Amazonia and tropical Africa forests"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Competition among trees is an important driver of community structure and dynamics in tropical forests. Neighboring trees may impact an individual tree\u2019s growth rate and probability of mortality, but large-scale geographic and environmental variation in these competitive effects has yet to be evaluated across the tropical forest biome.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><!--more--><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">In this study, we quantified effects of competition on tree-level basal area growth and mortality for trees \u226510-cm diameter across 151 ~1-ha plots in mature tropical forests in Amazonia and tropical Africa by developing nonlinear models that accounted for wood density, tree size, and neighborhood crowding. Using these models, we assessed how water availability (i.e., climatic water deficit) and soil fertility influenced the predicted plot-level strength of competition (i.e., the extent to which growth is reduced, or mortality is increased, by competition across all individual trees).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-965 size-large\" src=\"http:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/tedfeldpausch\/files\/2020\/05\/Rozendaal_Figure-1-1-1024x437.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"437\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/ted-feldpausch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/257\/2020\/05\/Rozendaal_Figure-1-1-1024x437.png 1024w, https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/ted-feldpausch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/257\/2020\/05\/Rozendaal_Figure-1-1-300x128.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/ted-feldpausch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/257\/2020\/05\/Rozendaal_Figure-1-1-768x328.png 768w, https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/ted-feldpausch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/257\/2020\/05\/Rozendaal_Figure-1-1-1536x655.png 1536w, https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/ted-feldpausch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/257\/2020\/05\/Rozendaal_Figure-1-1.png 1814w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #808080\">Fig. 1. Maps of the plot locations across gradients in climatic water deficit (CWD) and soil total exchange bases (TEB). (a) Amazonia (102 plots); (b) tropical Africa (49 plots).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">On both continents, tree basal area growth decreased with wood density and increased with tree size. Growth decreased with neighborhood crowding, which suggests that competition is important. Tree mortality decreased with wood density and generally increased with tree size, but was apparently unaffected by neighborhood crowding.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-966 size-large\" src=\"http:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/tedfeldpausch\/files\/2020\/05\/Rozendaal_Figure-2-986x1024.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"986\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/ted-feldpausch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/257\/2020\/05\/Rozendaal_Figure-2-986x1024.png 986w, https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/ted-feldpausch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/257\/2020\/05\/Rozendaal_Figure-2-289x300.png 289w, https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/ted-feldpausch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/257\/2020\/05\/Rozendaal_Figure-2-768x798.png 768w, https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/ted-feldpausch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/257\/2020\/05\/Rozendaal_Figure-2-1479x1536.png 1479w, https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/ted-feldpausch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/257\/2020\/05\/Rozendaal_Figure-2.png 1504w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 986px) 100vw, 986px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #808080\">Fig. 2: Effects of wood density (WD), tree size, and competition (subplot neighbor basal area; BA<sub>neigh<\/sub>) on predicted annual basal area growth and mortality across Amazonia (n = 102 plots) and tropical Africa (n = 49). Solid lines and symbols indicate predicted effects based on the posterior means; shaded areas indicate the 95% credible interval. Boxplots indicate the distribution of the variable on the x-axis. BAneigh was kept constant at the mean for quantifying effects of WD and tree size on growth and mortality; tree size was kept constant at 20-cm diameter for quantifying effects of WD and BAneigh. dbh = diameter at breast height.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Across plots, variation in the plot-level strength of competition was most strongly related to plot basal area (i.e., the sum of the basal area of all trees in a plot), with greater reductions in growth occurring in forests with high basal area, but in Amazonia, the strength of competition also varied with plot-level wood density. In Amazonia, the strength of competition increased with water availability because of the greater basal area of wetter forests, but was only weakly related to soil fertility. In Africa, competition was weakly related to soil fertility and invariant across the shorter water availability gradient.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Overall, our results suggest that competition influences the structure and dynamics of tropical forests primarily through effects on individual tree growth rather than mortality and that the strength of competition largely depends on environment-mediated variation in basal area.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Header image credit: Tree measuring in Gabon, Simon Lewis<\/p>\n<p>Read more:<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">D. M. Rozendaal<i> et al.<\/i>, <a href=\"https:\/\/esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1002\/ecy.3052\">Competition influences tree growth, but not mortality, across environmental gradients in Amazonia and tropical Africa<\/a>. <i>Ecology<\/i>,<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp; <\/span>(2020).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Competition among trees is an important driver of community structure and dynamics in tropical forests. Neighboring trees may impact an individual tree\u2019s growth rate and probability of mortality, but large-scale geographic and environmental variation in these competitive effects has yet to be evaluated across the tropical forest biome.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":999,"featured_media":963,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,5,15,19,23,33,39,79,81],"tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Competition influences tree growth, but not mortality, in Amazonia and tropical Africa forests - Ted Feldpausch Research Group<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/ted-feldpausch\/2020\/05\/16\/competition-influences-tree-growth-but-not-mortality-across-environmental-gradients-in-amazonia-and-tropical-africa\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Competition influences tree growth, but not mortality, in Amazonia and tropical Africa forests - Ted Feldpausch Research Group\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Competition among trees is an important driver of community structure and dynamics in tropical forests. Neighboring trees may impact an individual tree\u2019s growth rate and probability of mortality, but large-scale geographic and environmental variation in these competitive effects has yet to be evaluated across the tropical forest biome.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/ted-feldpausch\/2020\/05\/16\/competition-influences-tree-growth-but-not-mortality-across-environmental-gradients-in-amazonia-and-tropical-africa\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Ted Feldpausch Research Group\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-05-16T09:53:51+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-09-18T19:19:26+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/ted-feldpausch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/257\/2020\/05\/Image-17_TreeMeasuringGabon_Lewis-e1590054450790.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1001\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"667\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Ted Feldpausch\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Ted Feldpausch\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/ted-feldpausch\/2020\/05\/16\/competition-influences-tree-growth-but-not-mortality-across-environmental-gradients-in-amazonia-and-tropical-africa\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/ted-feldpausch\/2020\/05\/16\/competition-influences-tree-growth-but-not-mortality-across-environmental-gradients-in-amazonia-and-tropical-africa\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Ted Feldpausch\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/ted-feldpausch\/#\/schema\/person\/24b1532c6a55065974e5ca93e29363d8\"},\"headline\":\"Competition influences tree growth, but not mortality, in Amazonia and tropical Africa forests\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-05-16T09:53:51+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-09-18T19:19:26+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/ted-feldpausch\/2020\/05\/16\/competition-influences-tree-growth-but-not-mortality-across-environmental-gradients-in-amazonia-and-tropical-africa\/\"},\"wordCount\":490,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/ted-feldpausch\/#\/schema\/person\/24b1532c6a55065974e5ca93e29363d8\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/ted-feldpausch\/2020\/05\/16\/competition-influences-tree-growth-but-not-mortality-across-environmental-gradients-in-amazonia-and-tropical-africa\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/ted-feldpausch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/257\/2020\/05\/Image-17_TreeMeasuringGabon_Lewis-e1590054450790.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Africa\",\"Amazonia\",\"Carbon sequestration\",\"Climate change\",\"Drought\",\"Forest dynamics\",\"Forest structure\",\"Tree growth\",\"Tree mortality\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/ted-feldpausch\/2020\/05\/16\/competition-influences-tree-growth-but-not-mortality-across-environmental-gradients-in-amazonia-and-tropical-africa\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/sites.exeter.ac.uk\/ted-feldpausch\/2020\/05\/16\/competition-influences-tree-growth-but-not-mortality-across-environmental-gradients-in-amazonia-and-tropical-africa\/\",\"name\":\"Competition influences tree growth, but not mortality, in Amazonia and tropical Africa forests - 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