The Williams Lab
  • Publications

    Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.co.uk/citations?user=eiR0O0oAAAAJ&hl=en

    Journal Publications

    30. Mid-infrared polarization control with G-shaped metasurfaces.
    E. Petronijevic, M. Mercurio, C. Williams, M. Centini. V. K. Valev, M.C. Larciprete. (2026) Under review
    29. Spatiotemporally decoupled super-oscillatory microscopy enables label-free reconstruction of human ciliary waveforms.
    N.Xu, S.E. Bohndiek, G.Spicer, M.Jiang, Q.Wang, B.Xu, Q.Tan, C. Williams. Preprint. arXiv:2512.13432. (2026) Under Review
    28. Single-Step Holographic Grayscale Lithography of Fabry–Perot Filter Arrays
    O.J.Burton, M Astarkta, A Rakshit, P.K. Christopher, C.Williams, J.A.Webber, T.D.Wilkinson, H.J.Joyce.
    Light: Advanced Manufacturing 7 (1-9) (2026)
    27. Hyperpixels: pixel filter arrays of multivariate optical elements for optimized spectral imaging C Williams, R Cousins, CJ Mellor, SE Bohndiek, GSD Gordon. Light: Advanced Manufacturing 6(67) (2025)
    26. Design of hybrid metal-dielectric (Al–TiO2) metasurfaces RGB color filters A Soliman, C Williams, TD Wilkinson Journal of Physics: Photonics 7 (2), 025025 (2025)
    25. High‐transmission mid‐infrared bandpass filters using hybrid metal‐dielectric metasurfaces for CO2 sensing A Soliman, C Williams, R Hopper, F Udrea, H Butt, TD Wilkinson Advanced Optical Materials, 2402603 (2025)
    24. Versatile spaceborne photonics with chalcogenide phase-change materials H.J.Kim, M.Julian, C.Williams, D.Bombara, JJ.Hu, T.Gu, K.Aryana, G.Sauti, W.Humphreys.  npj Microgravity 10, 20 (2024).
    23. NASA: P-ACTIVE Project Report [Technical White Paper] H.J.Kim, M.Julian, C.Williams, D.Bombara, JJ.Hu, T.Gu, K.Aryana, G.Sauti, W.Humphreys.  NASA STI Program Report Series (2023)
    22. Deep neural network enabled active metasurface embedded design S.An, B.Zheng, M.Julian, C.Williams, H.Tang, T.Gu, H.Zhang, H.J.Kim, J.J Hu Nanophotonics 11(15) (2022)
    21. Opti-MSFA: A toolbox for generalized design and optimization of multispectral filter arrays T.W.Sawyer, M.Taylor-Williams, R.Tao, R.Xia, C.Williams, S.E. Bohndiek Optics Express 30(5), 7591-7611 (2022)
    20. Automated real-time spectral characterization of phase-change tunable filters using a linear variable filter and IR camera for wide-field MWIR imaging D.Bombara, C.Williams, S.Borg, H.J. Kim Optical Engineering 60 (8), 084105 (2021)
    19. PCM-net: a refractive index database of chalcogenide PCMs for tunable nanophotonic device modelling H.J.Kim, J.Sohn, N.Hong, C.Williams, W.Humphreys Journal of Physics: Photonics 3 (2), 024008 (2021)
    18. Tunable mid-wave infrared Fabry-Perot bandpass filters using phase-change GeSbTe C.Williams, N.Hong, M.Julian, S.Borg, H.J. Kim Optics Express 28(7), 10583-10594 (2020)
    17. Reversible optical tuning of GeSbTe phase-change metasurface spectral filters for MWIR imaging M.Julian, C.Williams, S.Borg, S.Bartram, H.J. Kim Optica 7(7), 746-754 (2020)
    16. Grayscale-to-color: Scalable fabrication of custom multispectral filter arrays C.Williams, G.S.D.Gordon, T.D.Wilkinson, S.E.Bohndiek ACS Photonics 6(12), 3132-3141 (2019)
    15. Single nanowire spectrometers Z.Yang, T.A.Owen, H.Cui, J.A.Webber, F.Gu, X.Wang, T.C.Wu, C.Williams, P.Wang, A.Zayats, W.Cai, Y.Ye, D.Lun, S.Hofmann, M.Overend, Q.Yang, L.Tong, Z.Sun, T.Hasan Science 365, 1017-1020 (2019)
    14. Characterising optical fibre transmission matrices using metasurface reflector stacks for lensless imaging G.S.D.Gordon, M.Gataric, A.G. Ramos, J.Yoon, C.Williams, R.Mouthaan, T.D.Wilkinson, S.E. Bohndiek Physical Review X, 9, 041050(2019)
    13. Quantitative phase and polarisation imaging through an optical fibre applied to detection of early oesophageal tumourigenesis G.S.D.Gordon, J.Joseph, M.Alcolea, T.Sawyer, C.Williams, C.R.M.Fitzpatrick, M.di Pietro, R.C.Fitzgerald, T.D.Wilkinson, S.E.Bohndiek Journal of Biomedical Optics 24(12), 126004 (2019)
    12. Full-field quantitative phase and polarisation-resolved imaging through a flexible fibre bundle G.S.D.Gordon, J.Joseph, A.MacFaden, C.Williams, T.Sawyer, T.D.Wilkinson, S.E.Bohndiek Optics Express 27(17), 23929-23947 (2019)
    11. Measuring chirality in the far-field from a racemic nanomaterial: diffraction spectroscopy from plasmonic nanogratings C.Kuppe, X.Zheng, C.Williams, A.W.Murphy, J.Collins, G.A.Vandenbosch, V.K.Valev Nanoscale Horizons 10,1039 (2019)
    10. Circular dichroism in higher order diffraction beams from chiral quasi-planar nanostructures C.Kuppe, C.Williams, AJ.Collins, S.Gordeev, T.D.Wilkinson, N.C.Panoiu, V.K.Valev Advanced Optical Materials 6, 1800098 (2018).
    9. Nanostructured plasmonic metapixels C.Williams, G.Rughoobur, A.J.Flewitt, T.D.Wilkinson. Scientific Reports 7, 7745 (2017)
    8. Plasmonic metalens for narrowband dual-focus imaging C.Williams, Y.Montelongo, T.D.Wilkinson. Advanced Optical Materials 5, 1700811 (2017)
    7. Signal enhancement of laser ablated volume holograms J.M.Versnel,C.Williams, C.A.B.Davidson, T.D.Wilkinson, C.R.Lowe  Optical Materials, 73, 400–407 (2017)
    6. Plasmonic nanohole electrodes for active color tunable liquid crystal transmissive pixels R.Bartholomew, C.Williams, A.A.Khan, R.Bowman, T.D.Wilkinson Optical Letters, 42(14), 2810–2813 (2017)
    5. Fabrication of nanostructured transmissive optical devices on ITO-glass with UV1116 photoresist using high-energy electron beam lithography C.Williams, R.Bartholomew, G.Rughoobur, A.J.Flewitt, T.D.Wilkinson. Nanotechnology, 27, 485301 (2016)
    4. Single-step fabrication of thin-film linear variable bandpass filters based on MIM geometry C.Williams, G.Rughoobur, A.J.Flewitt, T.D.Wilkinson. Applied Optics, 55, 9237–9241 (2016)
    3. Self-assembled liquid crystalline nanotemplates and their incorporation in dye-sensitised solar cells M.A.Kamarudin, A.A.Khan, C.Williams, S.Said, S.Nosheen, A.J.Flewitt, M.M.Qasim, T.D.Wilkinson Electrochimica Acta, 222, 657–667 (2016)
    2. Engineered pixels using active plasmonic holograms with liquid crystals C.Williams, Y.Montelongo, J.Tenorio-Pearl, A.Cabrero-Vilatela, S.Hofmann, W.I.Milne, T.D.Wilkinson Phys. Stat. Solidi RRL 9(2), 125–129 (2015).   
    1. Plasmonic nanoparticle scattering for color holograms Y.Montelongo, J.O.Tenorio-Pearl, C.Williams, S. Zhang, W.I.Milne, T.D.Wilkinson Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (PNAS) USA 111(35), 12679–12683 (2014)

    Intellectual Property

    US Patent App. 18/662,368: Solid-state frequency agile filter for lidar: multilayer optical design and exotic phase-change materials-based active tuning
    US 11112642 B2: Method of defining an optical filter element and optical device
    US 2021/0255543 A1: A single step lithography colour filter
    US 2021/0386277 A1: Methods of characterising and imaging with an optical system

    Conference Proceedings

    A targeted snapshot multispectral sensor for enhanced surgical vision. CL White, C Williams, SE Bohndiek. Tissue Optics and Photonics IV 14098, SPIE 140981S (2026)
    Snapshot multispectral vis-NIR camera for targeted multimodal surgical vision
    K.-L. White, C. Williams, L. Hacker, K. Dreher, N. Page, S. BohndiekProc. SPIE,Advanced Biomedical and Clinical Diagnostic … Systems XXIV, PC1383809 (2026)
    Snapshot multispectral cameras targeted for surgical vision
    K.-L. White, L. Hacker, T. Else, K. Dreher, M. Watt, S. Bohndiek, C. Williams
    Proc. SPIE,Advanced Biomedical and Clinical Diagnostic … Systems XXIII, PC1330606 (2025)
    Fast hyperspectral imaging via spectral undersampling using a digital micromirror device architecture
    C. Williams, I. Racicot, S. E. Bohndiek. Proc. SPIE,Emerging Digital Micromirror Device Based Systems … XVI, PC1290001(2024)
    Dynamic light shaping using active optical metasurfaces
    F. Yang, C.-C. Popescu, C. A. Ríos Ocampo, … C. Williams, … T. GuProc. SPIE,Image Sensing Technologies: Materials, Devices, Systems, … X, PC125140A (2023)
    P-ACTIVE (PCM-based actively tunable filter) project at NASA
    H. J. Kim, K. Aryana, S. Bartram, S. Borg, W. Humphreys, J. Hu, C.-C. Popescu, T. Gu, S. Vitale, C. Williams, M. JulianProc. SPIE, Image Sensing Technologies: Materials, Devices, Systems, … X, PC12514 (2023)
    Multispectral filter arrays for early cancer detection in endoscopy
    K.-L. White, C. Williams, L. Hacker, S. E. Bohndiek. Proc. SPIE, Molecular-Guided Surgery: Molecules, Devices, and Applications IX, PC1236105 (2023)
    High transmission efficiency colour filters based on hybrid metal-dielectric metasurfaces
    A. Soliman, C. Williams, T. Wilkinson. Proc. SPIE,Photonic and Phononic Properties of Engineered Nanostructures XIII, 12431, 31–33 (2023
    Broadband hyperspectral imaging across visible and infrared biological windows using a single camera
    S. Mead, S. E. Bohndiek, C. Williams, G. Spicer
    Proc. SPIE, Optical Biopsy XXI: Real-Time Spectroscopic Imaging and Diagnosis, PC1237305 (2023)
    Optimizing achromaticity in metalenses, and development of a layered thin-film metalens
    C. M. Hooper, S. E. Bohndiek, C. Williams
    Proc. SPIE, High Contrast Metastructures XI, 12011, 42–58 (2022)
    Spectrally tailored hyperpixel filter arrays for efficient imaging of chemical compositions
    M. Taylor-Williams, R. Cousins, C. Williams, S. E. Bohndiek, C. J. Mellor, G. S. D. Gordon
    Proc. SPIE, Optical Biopsy XX: Toward Real-Time Spectroscopic Imaging …, 11954, 29–40 (2022)
    Phase-Change Material (PCM) Based Actively Tunable Filters for Terrestrial and Spaceborne Platforms
    H. J. Kim, S. Borg, W. Humphreys, M. Julian, C. Williams, D. Bombara, J. Hu, Y. Zhang, T. Gu
    Proc. SPIE, Photonics West 2022 (2022)
    Resolution enhanced imaging for endoscopy using diffractive optics
    N Xu, C Williams, G Spicer, SE Bohndiek, Q Tan
    Proc. SPIE (Asia): Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies V: 1231604 (2022)
    MWIR filters: phase-change tunable filters for MWIR imaging based on GeSbTe-integrated metasurfaces
    H. J. Kim, M. Julian, C. Williams, S. Borg, D. Bombara, W. Humphreys
    Proc. SPIE, Image Sensing Technologies: Materials, Devices, Systems … VIII, 11723, 1172304 (2021)
    Hyperspectral imaging and analysis of the nailfold capillaries
    M. Taylor-Williams, C. Williams, M. Berks, A. Murray, S. E. Bohndiek
    Proc. SPIE, Label-free Biomedical Imaging and Sensing (LBIS), 11655, 116551H (2021)
    A low-cost LED-based multispectral capillaroscopy system for oximetry of the nailfold
    M. Taylor-Williams, S. Mead, T. W. Sawyer, L. Hacker, C. Williams, M. Berks, A. Murray, S. E. Bohndiek
    Proc. SPIE, Optical Diagnostics and Sensing XXI: Point-of-Care Diagnostics, 11651, 116510J (2021)
    Phase-change tunable filters (PCTFs) for hyperspectral thermal imaging
    H. J. Kim, C. Williams, S. Borg, C. Scott, T. Horvath, J. Inman
    AIAA SciTech Forum (2021)
    Bespoke MSFAs based on FP-optical cavities fabricated using large-area grayscale photolithography
    C. Williams, G. S. D. Gordon, S. E. Bohndiek
    Proc. SPIE, Biomedical Spectroscopy, Microscopy, and Imaging, 11359, 113591B (2020)
    Active tunable filters based on GeSbTe phase-change materials and surface plasmon resonance
    H. J. Kim, M. Julian, C. Williams, S. M. Bartram, D. G. MacDonnell
    Proc. SPIE, Optical Components and Materials XVII, 11276, 112760C (2020)
    Spectral band selection and tolerancing for multispectral filter arrays
    TW Sawyer, C Williams, SE Bohndiek
    Optica: Frontiers in Optics: Laser Science, JW4A. 126. (2019)
    Single-Step Fabrication of MSFAs Using Grayscale Lithography and Metal-Insulator-Metal Geometry
    C. Williams, G. S. D. Gordon, T. D. Wilkinson, S. E. Bohndiek
    Proc. CLEO, 1–2 (2018)
    Tunable mid-wave infrared spectral filters based on phase change materials for multispectral imaging
    M. Julian, C. Williams, S. Bartram, H. J. Kim
    Proc. International Astronautical Congress (IAC), IAC-19-B1.3.8, 52411 (2019)